你背了好幾千個單字,但一到寫作文,還是只會 I am very happy.、The book is very good. 這種句子,對嗎?
問題往往不在單字量,而在你只會「一個一個單字」,卻不會「英文真正在用的詞組」。母語人士不是把單字硬湊在一起,而是用一塊一塊「固定搭配」在說話——這些固定搭配,就叫搭配詞(collocation)。
舉個例子:中文說「做決定」,英文是 make a decision,不是 do a decision;中文說「休息一下」,英文是 take a break,不是 have a rest a little。動詞配哪個名詞,英文有它的習慣,搭錯了,文法沒問題,但句子就是「怪怪的」、不道地。
這篇文章,我幫你整理出 50 組會考程度的高頻動詞搭配,分家族、分主題列成表格,每一組都附中文意思和一句會考程度的例句。把這些記熟,你的作文會立刻「升級」,閱讀時也更容易讀懂整句的意思。
為什麼搭配詞比「多背單字」更重要?
先講一個很多人沒想通的觀念:會考英文作文拿高分,靠的不是用「難的單字」,而是用「對的搭配」。
道理很簡單——
- 單字會「對的搭配」才有用:你知道 decision(決定)這個字,但不知道要配 make,寫出來就是 do a decision,扣分。記住 make a decision 一整組,才真的會用。
- 搭配詞讓句子瞬間道地:同樣是「我盡力了」,I did my best. 比 I tried very hard. 更道地、更像母語人士會寫的句子。
- 閱讀也吃搭配詞:看到 pay attention to 你若知道是「注意」一整組,就不會卡在 pay(付錢)這個字上亂猜,讀得又快又準。
所以,與其再去背 100 個你可能一輩子用不到的冷僻單字,不如把下面這 50 組高頻搭配記熟——它們會考常出、作文常用、閱讀常見,CP 值高得多。
50 組高頻搭配詞分類表
下面把 50 組搭配詞依「動詞家族」和「主題情境」分成幾組。建議你一組一組記,並且連例句一起記,因為例句才是你真正會用到的樣子。
一、make 家族(做、造成)
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| make a decision | 做決定 | It’s not easy to make a decision in a few minutes. |
| make a mistake | 犯錯 | Everyone makes a mistake sometimes, so don’t worry too much. |
| make friends | 交朋友 | She is shy, so it’s hard for her to make friends. |
| make progress | 進步 | If you keep practicing, you will make progress soon. |
| make a plan | 訂計畫 | Let’s make a plan for our summer vacation. |
| make money | 賺錢 | He works hard to make money for his family. |
| make noise | 製造噪音 | Please don’t make noise in the library. |
| make a wish | 許願 | Close your eyes and make a wish before you blow out the candles. |
二、take 家族(拿、採取、花費)
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| take a break | 休息一下 | We studied for three hours, so let’s take a break. |
| take a photo | 拍照 | Can you take a photo of us in front of the temple? |
| take a walk | 散步 | My grandparents like to take a walk after dinner. |
| take care of | 照顧 | I have to take care of my little brother this weekend. |
| take part in | 參加 | A lot of students took part in the singing contest. |
| take a test | 考試 | We are going to take a test next Monday. |
| take a shower | 淋浴 | He takes a shower every morning before school. |
| take medicine | 吃藥 | You should take medicine and get some rest. |
三、do 家族(做、從事)
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| do one’s best | 盡某人最大努力 | I didn’t win, but I did my best. |
| do homework | 寫作業 | She does her homework right after she gets home. |
| do the dishes | 洗碗 | It’s your turn to do the dishes tonight. |
| do exercise | 運動 | Doing exercise every day is good for your health. |
| do a favor | 幫忙 | Could you do me a favor and open the window? |
| do business | 做生意 | His father does business with many countries. |
四、have 家族(有、進行某活動)
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have fun / have a good time | 玩得開心 | We had fun / had a good time at the party last night. |
| have a cold | 感冒 | He stayed home because he had a cold. |
| have a fever | 發燒 | She didn’t go to school because she had a fever. |
| have a meeting | 開會 | The teachers will have a meeting after class. |
| have a dream | 有夢想 | I have a dream of becoming a doctor someday. |
五、pay / keep / give 家族(常用動詞)
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| pay attention to | 注意、留意 | Please pay attention to the teacher when she is talking. |
| pay for | 付款買 | I’ll pay for the dinner this time. |
| keep a diary | 寫日記 | She has kept a diary since she was ten. |
| keep in touch | 保持聯絡 | Let’s keep in touch after you move to another city. |
| keep a promise | 遵守承諾 | A good friend always keeps a promise. |
| give up | 放棄 | Don’t give up; you are almost there. |
| give a hand | 幫忙 | Can you give me a hand with these boxes? |
| give a speech | 發表演說 | He was nervous before he gave a speech. |
六、學校 ✕ 學習情境
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| pass an exam | 通過考試、考及格 | She studied hard and passed the exam. |
| get good grades | 拿到好成績 | If you want to get good grades, you have to study every day. |
| ask a question | 提問 | Please raise your hand if you want to ask a question. |
| solve a problem | 解決問題 | We worked together to solve the problem. |
| learn from | 從⋯⋯學習 | We can learn a lot from our mistakes. |
七、生活 ✕ 情緒情境
| 搭配詞 | 中文意思 | 會考程度例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get up | 起床 | I usually get up at six thirty in the morning. |
| go shopping | 去購物 | My mom and I go shopping every weekend. |
| catch a bus | 趕上公車 | Run, or we won’t catch the bus. |
| be afraid of | 害怕 | She is afraid of dogs, so she walks away from them. |
| be interested in | 對⋯⋯有興趣 | He is interested in playing the guitar. |
| be good at | 擅長 | My sister is good at math and science. |
| be proud of | 以⋯⋯為傲 | His parents are proud of him for working so hard. |
| be worried about | 擔心 | I’m worried about the test tomorrow. |
| look forward to | 期待 | We are looking forward to the summer vacation. |
| depend on | 依靠、取決於 | Whether we go hiking depends on the weather. |
上面共 50 組搭配詞,都是會考克漏字、句型題和作文裡反覆出現的高頻組合。建議你印出來,一週記一兩組,連例句一起記。
最後關頭想抱佛腳?先抱緊這 10 組
如果時間充裕,50 組全背當然最好。但如果你只剩一週、甚至明天就要考,這臨門一腳想抱個佛腳——就抱吧(伸腿),請用力抱緊這 10 組:
- make a decision
- make friends
- make a mistake
- take care of
- do one’s best
- do a favor
- have fun(have a good time)
- look forward to
- be interested in
- be good at
理由很俗氣也很實際:它們是歷年會考出現頻率最高、也最能用進作文各種場合的搭配。
簡單的單字,正確的配對
你會發現,不管 10 組還是 50 組,動詞都是 make、take、do 這種小學就認識的字,看起來毫無難度——這正是母語人士每天自然而然的道地用法:用簡單的搭配詞,取代看起來很厲害的單一動詞(像用 give up 取代 abandon)。搭配詞的困難之處,從來不在個別單字,而是用簡單的單字正確地配對。
舉幾個我真的在學生作文裡看過的經典案例。
「做作業」正確搭配是 do one’s homework。有個學生寫成 make my homework——把中文「做」直翻成 make,只是做個功課,倒做成了製造業;另一個更妙,「寫」作業直接翻成 write my homework。「為什麼不行?作業本來就用『寫』的啊。」因為在英文裡,do 和 write 有細微差別。do 用於「執行、完成任務」,write 用於「從無到有產出文字」,不見得要動筆:
- do(強調執行或完成任務):do homework / do housework / do business(做功課/做家事/做生意)
- write(強調從無到有產出文字):write a story / write a letter(寫故事/寫信)
作業就算真的是一個字一個字寫出來,本質仍是「任務」,所以用 do one’s homework;寫成 write my homework,像這份作業是你原創的——同學,老師只叫你寫作業,沒叫你超越。
同類的錯誤還有 do me a favor 跟 give me a hand 在腦中打架,混出 give me a favor;have fun 跟 have a good time 各取一半,拼成 have a good fun。這些錯有個共同點:兩組你都背過,但沒背到脫口而出,配對時一猶豫就錯。
搭配詞就是這樣。好比有人把「三顧茅廬」講成「三顧茅廁」,只差一個字,聽是聽得懂,但輕則鬧笑話,重則讓人覺得你語言能力不足,連帶對你說的話都打上問號。
所以下次用搭配詞,do me a favor:別拆散人家也別亂配對;叫你做作業,記得 just do it,do 就對了。
怎麼把搭配詞用在作文和閱讀上?
記了搭配詞,要會用才算數。給你兩個實際場景:
場景一:寫作文時,用搭配詞「升級」你的句子
很多同學的作文,動詞翻來覆去只會 is、have、like、very。試著把搭配詞換進去——
- 原句:I tried very hard, but I didn’t win.
- 升級:I did my best, but I didn’t win.(do one’s best 更道地)
- 原句:I am interested in English.
- 升級:I am interested in learning English.(be interested in + V-ing 用對搭配)
句子沒變長、單字沒變難,但「英文味」立刻出來,這就是搭配詞的威力。
場景二:閱讀時,把搭配詞當成「一整塊」來讀
閱讀題會卡關,常常是因為你「一個字一個字」翻。看到 pay attention to the sign,如果你只認得 pay(付錢),就會誤會;但你若知道 pay attention to 是「注意」一整組,馬上就懂「注意這個標誌」,讀得又快又準。把搭配詞當成一個單位來讀,閱讀速度和理解力都會提升。
搭配詞 + 文法,才是寫好句子的雙地基
不過要提醒你:光記搭配詞還不夠。
為什麼?因為搭配詞只是「詞組」,你還要把它正確地放進句子裡——而這就要靠文法。例如:
- make a decision 你會了,但句子是過去發生的,就要寫成 made a decision(時態)。
- be interested in 你會了,但 in 後面要接動名詞 V-ing,寫成 be interested in learning,不是 be interested in learn(動名詞)。
- be good at 主詞是 she,be 動詞就要用 is,寫成 She is good at…(主詞動詞一致)。
換句話說,搭配詞是「磚塊」,文法是「水泥」——磚塊再多,沒有水泥也砌不出一面牆。會考作文真正的高手,是兩個地基都穩。
如果你發現自己「搭配詞背了不少,寫出來的句子卻常常時態錯、動詞形式錯」,那代表文法地基還有裂縫,需要系統地補一遍。
背單字像在收集積木,搭配詞是教你「怎麼拼」,文法是教你「怎麼黏牢」。三個一起練,你的英文句子才會又道地又自然。
常見問題
Q:搭配詞要全部背起來嗎?
不用一次背完。先從上面這 50 組高頻組合開始,一週記一兩組、連例句一起記,用「整塊」的方式記憶。記熟這些,會考作文和閱讀就先贏一大半。時間真的不夠,就先抱緊前面列的那 10 組。
Q:背搭配詞和背單字,哪個重要?
兩個都重要,但方向不同。背單字是「認得字」,背搭配詞是「會用字」。會考作文要拿分,「會用」比「認得」更關鍵——所以建議你背單字時,順便把它常配的搭配詞一起記下來。
Q:作文一直寫不好,只練搭配詞夠嗎?
不夠。搭配詞讓你的「詞組」變自然,但句子要正確,還得靠文法(時態、動詞變化、主詞動詞一致)。搭配詞 + 文法雙管齊下,作文才會又道地又不扣分。
Q:閱讀題看到不會的搭配詞怎麼辦?
先別急著一個字一個字翻。試著從上下文猜「這一整塊」的意思,再對照你記過的高頻搭配詞。平常多累積,考場上遇到的陌生組合就會越來越少。
領取雪薇英文《國中會考英文模擬卷》
想知道孩子的文法、單字到底卡在哪?留下 email,免費領取雪薇老師的國中會考英文模擬卷(仿會考題型+詳解),先抓出破口,再對症補強。
我們尊重你的隱私,可隨時取消訂閱。
想要更系統的練法?參考雪薇英文 《給國中生,也給大人的——國中英文文法課:這一次,你真的學得會》
雪薇英文《國中英文文法課》正是在打這塊地基:用三個月,照順序把國中三年的文法講清楚,從時態、主詞動詞一致,到動名詞、不定詞這些「決定搭配詞怎麼放進句子」的關鍵觀念,每一個都講「為什麼」。單字搭配 + 文法觀念一起補,作文才會真的進步。
誠實說一句:文法課幫你把搭配詞穩穩放進對的句子,但這 50 組還是得你自己記——課程不會代替你背。課程購買後不限期、不限次數觀看,寫作文時哪個觀念卡住,就回去看那一段、看到懂為止。
看課程・免費試聽 →
