📢 115 學測實測證明：這份試卷真的抓住考題趨勢！

剛結束的 115 學測英文科，本試卷精準命中：

詞彙題： 正確選項 initially、grave 完美命中！
敘事邏輯： 閱讀測驗「物件演化邏輯」敘事方式高度契合！
混合題型： 資訊掃描與定位邏輯如出一轍！

👇 還沒練習的同學，趕快下載這份「最強預習卷」！

防雷警告！

請先領卷，千萬別往下滑！

這份 115 年學測英文超擬真模擬試卷，是由雪薇老師與藍皓老師針對近年的素養命題以及歷年學測趨勢全新命題而設計，擬真度極高，免費供學測戰士們索取，也歡迎幫朋友家人領取。

為了檢測真實實力以及答題盲點，請先認真計時作答，再看詳解。若尚未領卷，請在下方空格輸入你的 email，我們就會將試卷寄出。

115 年學測英文命題特色：108 課綱素養趨勢與考題陷阱

儘管大考中心明定學測英文詞彙範圍以常用的 4500 字為主，雪薇老師與藍皓老師實際做過歷年考古題，發現其實一點也不簡單。底下簡單整理學測英文的命題特色與陷阱，這些在我們的模擬試卷中都認真把關，請放心練習！

✦ 單字詞彙 除了單字最常用的意思，也會需要結合上下文語境變化，考第二、第三常用的意思及詞性

✦ 文意選填 不只是單純考文法，還要結合文意判斷選出最恰當的答案；若只懂文法但沒看懂句意，很容易答錯

✦ 閱讀測驗 從過往單純的「語意理解」轉向「整合視覺素養」(visual literacy)，要讀懂句子與文章細節，讀通段落功能與書寫架構，還必須具備圖表/幾何圖形/地標的判讀能力

✦ 混合題型 結合社群討論或圖表等多個文本，必須在碎片化資訊中精確擷取多方觀點，同時填充題還得小心詞性轉換；要找資訊又要顧文法，一不小心就失分

115 年雪薇英文學測英文模擬試卷詳解（含英中翻譯）

點此下載完整詳解（含英中翻譯）

　　開始作答之前，如果你想先掌握 115 學測英文完整的命題方向與素養趨勢，可以參考升學考試英文專區的整理；如果想多練一份模擬卷，也可以下載2024 年學測模擬卷與作文範文。準備好了，我們就直接進入第一大題。

點擊展開：第 1-10 題（詞彙題）詳解與翻譯

The professor ______ the student’s theory as groundless because it lacked scientific evidence. (A) confirmed (B) dismissed (C) resisted (D) vanished這位教授因為這項理論缺乏科學證據，將其視為毫無根據而______。 (A) 確認 (B) 駁回/不予理會 (C) 抵抗 (D) 消失
The antique vase is extremely ______; even a small bump during the move could cause it to shatter into many pieces. (A) intense (B) regular (C) delicate (D) moderate這件古董花瓶極其 ______；即使在搬運過程中受到小碰撞，也可能導致它碎成許多碎片。 (A) 強烈的 (B) 規律的/一般的 (C) 易碎的/精緻的 (D) 適度的
The newly built national stadium has a seating ______ of 50,000, making it the largest venue for sporting events in the city. (A) capacity (B) budget (C) reference (D) loyalty這座新建的國家體育場有 50,000 人的座位 ______，使其成為該市最大的體育賽事場館。 (A) 容量/容納人數 (B) 預算 (C) 參考 (D) 忠誠度
During their hike in the remote mountains, the travelers were surprised to ______ a rare bird that was thought to be extinct. (A) lengthen (B) overtake (C) reserve (D) encounter在偏遠山區徒步旅行期間，旅行者驚訝地 ______ 了一隻被認為已經滅絕的稀有鳥類。 (A) 延長/拉長 (B) 超越/趕上 (C) 預訂/保留 (D) 遇到/偶然碰到
The president’s face was ______ as he addressed the nation about the economic crisis, reflecting the severity of the whole situation. (A) clumsy (B) grave (C) passive (D) durable總統在向全國發表關於經濟危機的演說時，臉色十分 ______，反映了整個局勢的嚴重性。 (A) 笨拙的 (B) 嚴肅的/沉重的 (C) 被動的 (D) 耐用的
______, the new policy was met with skepticism, but as positive results appeared, more and more citizens started to support it. (A) Initially (B) Currently (C) Virtually (D) Physically_________，這項新政策遭到了質疑，但隨著正向成果的顯現，越來越多的公民開始支持它。 (A) 最初 (B) 目前 (C) 幾乎/虛擬地 (D) 身體上地/物理上地
In the scholarship selection process, the committee evaluates applicants based on their academic ______ and history of community service. (A) balance (B) tension (C) wisdom (D) merit在獎學金評選過程中，委員會根據申請人的學術 ______ 和社區服務經歷進行評估。 (A) 平衡 (B) 緊張 (C) 智慧 (D) 優點/績效/功績
The police are searching for ______ evidence, such as security footage or clear fingerprints, to identify the suspect in the robbery. (A) concrete (B) negative (C) defensive (D) experimental警方正在尋找 ______ 證據，例如監視器畫面或清晰的指紋，以確認搶劫案中嫌疑人的身份。 (A) 具體的/實質的 (B) 負面的 (C) 防禦性的 (D) 實驗性的
The athlete tried to hide his disappointment, but his face still ______ a look of sadness when he lost the match. (A) distinguished (B) registered (C) featured (D) swore這位運動員試圖掩飾他的失望，但當他輸掉比賽時，臉上仍然 ______ 出一絲悲傷。 (A) 辨別/區別 (B) 流露出 (C) 以…為特色 (D) 發誓
The journalist’s firsthand ______ of the war-torn region provided readers with a heartbreaking look at the reality of the ongoing conflict. (A) acquaintance (B) campaign (C) issue (D) account這名記者對這片飽受戰爭蹂躪地區的第一手 ______，讓讀者看到了持續衝突中令人心碎的現實真相。 (A) 相識之人 (B) 活動 (C) 議題 (D) 描述/報導/敘述

點擊展開：第 11-15 題（綜合測驗 1/2）詳解與翻譯

Louis Braille lost his sight at the age of three due to a tragic accident in his father’s workshop. While he __11__ at a school for the blind in Paris, he found that the existing books were bulky and difficult to read. The system __12__ used by the school involved raised letters, but it was slow and inefficient. Braille became determined to find a better way for the blind to communicate. 路易·布萊葉三歲時，因父親工作室的一場悲劇性事故而失明。當他在巴黎一所盲人學校 __11__，他發現現有的書籍體積龐大且難以閱讀。學校 __12__ 使用的系統涉及凸起字母，但既緩慢且效率低下。布萊葉下定決心要為盲人找到一種更好的溝通方式。 At the age of 15, he __13__ a complex code used by the French army for “night writing.” He simplified this method into a system of six raised dots. This __14__ method allowed blind people to read and write with incredible speed. 15 歲時，他 __13__ 一套由法國軍隊用於「夜間書寫」的複雜密碼。他將這種方法簡化為由六個凸點組成的系統。這種 __14__ 方法讓盲人能以驚人的速度進行讀寫。 Today, the Braille system remains the universal __15__ for blind literacy, opening doors to education and independence for millions worldwide. 今日，布萊葉點字系統仍是全球盲人識字的通用 __15__，為全球數百萬人開啟了通往教育與獨立的大門。

點擊展開：第 16-20 題（綜合測驗 2/2）詳解與翻譯

Many people like keeping houseplants because they make a room look pleasant. However, caring for plants is not always easy. A plant may look healthy one week and then __16__ suddenly the next, leaving new owners unsure about what went wrong. 許多人喜歡種室內盆栽，因為它們能讓房間看起來賞心悅目。然而，照顧植物並不總是那麼容易。一棵植物可能這週看起來很健康，下週就突然 __16__ ，讓新手主人不知道出了什麼問題。 Most indoor plants need conditions similar to their natural environment. Too much water can harm the roots, __17__ too little can dry the plant. Light is also important. Some plants grow well near windows, but others prefer softer light. When these needs are misunderstood, the plant fails to grow properly. 大多數室內植物需要的環境條件與其自然環境相似。水分過多會傷害根部，__17__ 水分過少則會讓植物乾枯。光照也很重要。有些植物在窗邊長得很好，但有些則偏好較柔和的光線。當這些需求被誤解時，植物就無法正常生長。 Beginners are encouraged to __18__. If leaves turn yellow, it may suggest watering problems; brown edges may mean the air is too dry. Writing down changes and adjusting care step by step can help. Over time, experience deepens your understanding of __19__ each plant needs. 建議新手要 __18__ 他們的植物。如果葉子變黃，可能暗示有澆水問題；邊緣變褐則可能代表空氣太乾燥。記錄下變化並逐步調整照顧方式會有所幫助。隨著時間推移，經驗會加深你對每種植物所需要 __19__ 之理解。 Having houseplants can be rewarding. They can make you slow down and pay attention to small details in daily life. __20__, you may find that watching a plant recover and produce new leaves can contribute to a quiet sense of achievement. 擁有室內盆栽可以是很有回報的。它們能讓你慢下來，並留意日常生活中的微小細節。__20__，你會發現看著植物康復並長出新葉，能帶來一種寧靜的成就感。

點擊展開：第 21-30 題（文意選填）詳解與翻譯

For centuries, lighthouses have guided sailors safely along rocky coastlines and into busy harbors. Before the invention of modern navigation systems, these tall towers were often the only __21__ ships had against hidden dangers at sea. Built on remote islands, cliffs, or harbor entrances, lighthouses __22__ not only as warning signals but also as powerful symbols of hope for those traveling far from home. 幾個世紀以來，燈塔一直引導著水手安全地繞過多岩石的海岸線，並進入繁忙的港口。在現代導航系統發明之前，這些高塔往往是船隻面對海上潛伏危險時唯一的 __21__。燈塔建造在偏遠的島嶼、懸崖或港口入口處，它們 __22__ 不僅僅是警告信號，對於那些遠離家鄉的人來說，也是強大希望的象徵。 Early lighthouses relied on __23__ flames produced by wood or oil to create light. Later, reflectors and lenses were developed to make the beams brighter and more focused, allowing ships to see them from greater __24__. With the arrival of electricity in the nineteenth century, lighthouse illumination became more reliable, and __25__ machines gradually reduced the need for keepers to watch over the lights day and night. 早期的燈塔依靠木頭或油產生的 __23__ 火來發光。後來，人們研發出了反射鏡和透鏡，使光束更明亮、更集中，讓船隻能從更遠的 __24__ 看見它們。隨著十九世紀電力的到來，燈塔的照明變得更加可靠，且 __25__ 機器逐漸減少了對守燈人日夜看守燈火的需求。 Despite technological progress, the life of a lighthouse keeper has long captured the public imagination. Many keepers lived in isolation with only their families, facing strong winds, violent storms, and __26__ communication with the outside world. Their work required discipline and dedication, as a single failure could result in tragic shipwrecks. Stories about their bravery have __27__ novels, paintings, and films. 儘管科技不斷進步，守燈人的生活長期以來一直吸引著大眾的想像。許多守燈人與家人過著與世隔絕的生活，面對強風、狂暴的風雨以及與外界 __26__ 溝通。他們的工作需要紀律與奉獻，因為一次失誤就可能導致慘重的船難。關於他們勇氣的故事 __27__ 了許多小說、繪畫和電影。 Today, satellites and GPS have __28__ lighthouses as the primary tools for navigation. Nevertheless, many lighthouses around the world have been preserved as historical __29__. Some have become small museums, while others serve as scenic viewpoints for visitors. Although they no longer play the central role they once __30__, lighthouses continue to remind people of the human effort to make travel safer and to connect distant places across the sea. 如今，衛星和 GPS 已經 __28__ 燈塔，成為主要的導航工具。儘管如此，世界各地的許多燈塔仍被保留為歷史 __29__。有些變成了小型博物館，有些則成為遊客的觀景景點。雖然燈塔不再扮演它們過去曾經 __30__ 的核心角色，但它們仍持續提醒著人們，為了讓航行更安全以及連結遙遠海域所付出的努力。 (A) inspired (B) did (C) protection (D) landmarks (E) open (F) limited (G) distances (H) replaced (I) served (J) automated (A) 啟發了 (B) 扮演 * 代替 played the central role，避免重複 (C) protection 防禦 (D) landmarks 地標 (E) open 敞開的、無遮蔽的 * open flames → 明火，指任何暴露在空氣中、容易引起火災的火苗 (F) limited 有限的 (G) 距離 (H) 取代了 (I) 充當 (J) 自動化的

點擊展開：第 31-34 題（篇章結構）詳解與翻譯

In many big cities, community gardens have become increasingly popular. These shared spaces allow residents to grow vegetables, herbs, and flowers in areas that were once empty lots or unused corners of public parks. People of different ages and backgrounds work side by side, learning from one another and sharing tools. __31__ As friendships grow, people often say the garden feels like an outdoor living room. Community gardens therefore serve not only as green spaces but also as social centers where neighbors can get to know one another. 在許多大城市中，社區花園變得越來越受歡迎。這些共享空間讓居民能在曾經是荒廢空地或公共公園閒置角落的地方，種植蔬菜、草藥和花卉。不同年齡與背景的人們並肩工作，互相學習並分享工具。__31__ 隨著友誼增長，人們常說這座花園感覺就像是一個戶外客廳。因此，社區花園不僅作為綠地，也成為鄰居們可以互相認識的社交中心。 Starting a community garden usually begins with a small group of volunteers. They first must obtain permission from local authorities and make sure the land is safe for planting. Once the space is approved, the group cleans up trash, prepares the soil, and builds simple paths so that people can move easily between planting beds. __32__ These guidelines help prevent conflicts and ensure that everyone has equal access to shared tools and water. 建立社區花園通常始於一小群志工。他們首先必須獲得地方當局的許可，並確保土地適合種植。空間獲得批准後，小組會清理垃圾、準備土壤，並建造簡單的小徑，以便人們在植床之間輕鬆移動。__32__ 這些準則有助於防止衝突，並確保每個人都能平等地使用共享工具和水源。 __33__ Many city residents spend most of their time indoors, surrounded by traffic and noise. Working with soil and plants gives them a rare chance to slow down and reconnect with nature. Studies have shown that spending time in green spaces can lower stress levels and improve concentration. Children who join gardening programs also gain hands-on experience with science and environmental protection. In fact, researchers note that such involvement can strengthen a sense of belonging to the community. __33__ 許多城市居民大部分時間都待在室內，被交通和噪音包圍。與土壤和植物接觸給了他們一個放慢腳步、重新與大自然連結的難得機會。研究顯示，花在綠地中的時間可以降低壓力水平並提高專注力。參加園藝計畫的兒童也能獲得科學和環境保護的實作經驗。事實上，研究人員指出，這種參與感能強化對社區的歸屬感。 Despite their advantages, community gardens also face challenges. Some projects struggle because of limited funding or a lack of long-term support. __34__ Garden organizers therefore try to build strong relationships with schools, senior centers, and local councils to secure the future of these spaces. In some cases, harvest festivals and open-house days are held to invite more neighbors to visit. When residents see clear benefits, they are more willing to participate and to speak up for the continuation of the garden. 儘管有其優點，社區花園也面臨挑戰。有些項目因為資金有限或缺乏長期支持而苦撐。__34__ 因此，花園組織者嘗試與學校、長青中心和地方議會建立強大的關係，以確保這些空間的未來。在某些情況下，會舉辦收穫節和開放參觀日，邀請更多鄰居來訪。當居民看到明顯的好處時，他們會更願意參與，並為花園的持續運作發聲。

選項 (Options)

(A) To avoid misunderstandings, many groups create simple rules about planting, watering, and harvesting. (A) 為了避免誤解，許多團體會制定關於種植、澆水和收穫的簡單規則。 (B) The benefits of community gardens go beyond food production. (B) 社區花園的好處不僅限於食物生產。 (C) The harvest is often divided among participants, and extra produce is sometimes donated to local charities. (C) 收成通常由參與者分配，多餘的農產品有時會捐贈給當地的慈善機構。 (D) In rapidly developing neighborhoods, gardens may even be removed to make room for new buildings. (D) 在快速發展的鄰里中，花園甚至可能被拆除，以騰出空間興建新建築。

解析

點擊展開：第 35-38 題（閱讀測驗 1/3）詳解與翻譯

第一段 Every time you pick up a pencil, you are holding a piece of history that dates back to 1564. That year, a massive storm in Borrowdale, England, uprooted a large tree, revealing a huge deposit of strange, black mineral underneath. Initially, locals mistook it for coal, but soon discovered it was much better for marking their sheep because it left a distinct, lasting mark. This substance—later named graphite—was so pure and solid that it could be easily sawn into sticks. 每當你拿起鉛筆，握在你手上的是一段可追溯到1564年的歷史。那一年，英國博羅代爾的一場巨大風暴連根拔起了一棵大樹，露出底下大量奇特的黑色礦物沉澱。起初，當地人誤以為那是煤，但很快就發現它更適合用來標記羊群，因為它會留下清晰且持久的記號。這種物質——後來命名為石墨——非常純淨且堅硬，可以輕易地鋸成條狀。 Because graphite is naturally brittle, it required a holder for practical use. Early versions involved wrapping thin graphite sticks in string to provide stability; later, artisans began encasing them in hollowed-out wooden sticks, giving birth to the modern pencil’s iconic form. 由於石墨天性脆弱易碎，實際使用時需要某個握持器。早期版本是用繩子纏繞細石墨棒以提供穩定性；後來，工匠開始將它們鑲嵌在挖空的木棒中，從而催生出現代鉛筆標誌性的形態。 第二段 The graphite from Borrowdale was of such high quality that it became a strategic asset, often referred to as “black gold.” During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the mines were protected by the crown, and stealing graphite was a crime punishable by death. 來自博羅代爾的石墨品質極高，以至於它成為某種戰略資產，常被稱為「黑金」。在伊莉莎白一世女王統治期間，礦場受到王室保護，盜竊石墨是可處以死刑的罪行。 Because this precious resource was finite, the British government eventually banned the export of raw graphite to maintain a monopoly on pencil production. However, a real breakthrough occurred during the Napoleonic Wars when British graphite became scarce in France due to a strict naval blockade. 由於這種珍貴資源是有限的，英國政府最終禁止出口原始石墨，以維持對鉛筆生產的壟斷。然而，真正的突破發生在拿破崙戰爭期間，由於嚴格的海上封鎖，導致英國石墨在法國變得很稀缺。 第三段 In 1795, a French scientist named Nicolas-Jacques Conté was commissioned to find a substitute. He developed a revolutionary process to mix powdered graphite of lower quality with clay and fire the mixture in a kiln. By adjusting the specific ratio of clay to graphite, he could control the physical properties of the “lead.” A higher concentration of graphite resulted in a softer, darker mark, while more clay created a harder, lighter stroke. 1795 年，名叫尼古拉斯-雅克·孔特的法國科學家受命尋找替代品。他開發了一種革命性的製程，將磨成粉、品質較低的石墨與黏土混合，然後將此混合物在窯中燒製。通過調整黏土與石墨的比例，他可以控制「筆芯」的物理性質。石墨濃度越高，劃出的記號就越柔、顏色越深；而黏土越多，筆觸就更硬、顏色更淺。 This method also led to the modern grading system, using “H” for hardness and “B” for blackness. This “Conté process” remains the global standard for manufacturing today. Interestingly, despite the name, there has never been any actual lead in pencils—a historical misconception stemming from graphite’s metallic appearance, which resembled lead to early observers who lacked chemical knowledge. 這種方法也催生了現代（筆芯）分級系統，用H代表硬度(hardness)，B代表黑度(blackness)。這種「孔特製程」至今仍是全球製造標準。有趣的是，儘管名稱如此，鉛筆中從未含有真正的鉛——這是一個源自石墨金屬似的外觀歷史誤解，對於缺乏化學知識的早期觀察者來說，石墨看起來就像鉛。

點擊展開：第 39-42 題（閱讀測驗 2/3）詳解與翻譯

第一段 The student market in the UK is estimated to be worth £13 billion of spending power in a year. It is a market no company should ignore. Marketers are desperate to get students’ attention before they turn into high-earning graduates. But students are hard to reach and cynical. How can brands target them? 英國的學生市場估計每年有價值130億英鎊的購買力，這是任何公司都不能忽視的市場。行銷人員非常想要在學生成為高收入畢業生之前得到學生的注意，但但學生難以觸及且對一切懷疑。品牌如何鎖定他們為目標呢？ 第二段 Youth market trends analyst Sean Pillot de Chenecey advises companies who hope to market to students. He says there is no single strategy. Students organize their life on their mobile phones, respect brands that are ethical, but worry more about how they are going to pay off their debt than world peace. 青年市場趨勢分析師肖恩・皮洛・德・尚奇給希望面向學生市場的公司建議。他表示，並無單一的策略。學生在手機上組織他們的生活，尊重那些有道德良知的品牌，但更擔心的是如何還清他們的債務而非世界和平。 To get students’ attention, marketers must offer them something that adds to their lives. It isn’t enough to simply sponsor a music tour: they have to make the event happen. 為了引起學生的注意，行銷人員必須提供能加到他們的生活中（有實質）的東西。單純贊助音樂巡演並不足夠：他們必須讓活動發生。 第三段 Offering students help with their education and careers is an effective marketing method. The Guardian newspaper runs careers fairs and offers discounts on its products, such as Guardian Student, a 32-page newspaper. 為學生提供教育和職業方面的幫助是一種有效的行銷方法。《衛報》舉辦職業博覽會，並提供產品折扣，例如《衛報學生報》，這是一份32頁的報紙。 第四段 Red Bull, a successful energy drinks brand, uses what it calls “energy teams” on university campuses. The company recruits teams of students and gives them a Red Bull car, which has a fridge. The students offer samples and give information about the product benefits. They do this on campus at sporting events and at times of the year when students might need an energy boost. 紅牛，一個成功的能量飲料品牌，在大學校園用上所謂的「能量小組」。該公司招募一支學生團隊，並給他們一輛附冰箱的紅牛汽車。學生們在校園內提供產品樣品，並給予產品益處的資訊，他們在校園會於運動賽事和一年當中學生可能需要能量提振的時候進行此類活動。 “It’s extremely important that it is a student doing this and not a company sales rep,” says the company’s consumer manager who runs the scheme. “You need to have an approach that doesn’t look like a sales pitch.” 「重要的是要由學生來做而不是由公司的業務代表來做」，該公司運營這項計劃的消費者經理說。「你需要一種不像是銷售宣傳話術的方法」。 第五段 Having an insider on campus can help marketers understand student life. Youth marketing agency, Virgin D3, has a database of students who act as “field staff”. They ask them for help when planning an event at their university. Perhaps, by getting ideas from the students themselves, companies can find ways to reach this difficult market. 擁有校園內部人士可以幫助行銷人員了解學生生活。青年行銷機構Virgin D3擁有一個由學生擔任「現場人員」的資料庫。他們在籌劃大學活動時會向這些人員尋求幫助。或許，藉由從學生身上取得想法，許多公司可以找到方法來觸及這個不易進入的市場。

　　寫到這裡，如果你發現自己在單字題卡關比較多，可以先看如何有效背單字這篇的 3 步驟拆解；如果是單字都認得、整句卻串不起來，那更可能是單字都看得懂，整句卻看不懂的狀況，這篇有完整的原因分析與解法；文法架構如果還不穩，也可以參考英文文法沒有那麼難這篇重新搭一次。

點擊展開：第 43-46 題（閱讀測驗 3/3）詳解與翻譯

第一段 Stop motion involves physically manipulating objects, making them appear to move on their own. The objects are moved in tediously small increments, and each tiny change in their position is photographed. When the series of pictures is played in a continuous sequence, the objects appear to move of their own free will. Because clay is a material that is particularly malleable, it is often used in films that utilize stop motion photography. 定格動畫涉及物理性地操控物體，使它們看起來像是自己在移動。物體以極小的增量移動，而位置的每一個微小變化都會被拍攝下來。當這一系列圖片按連續順序播放時，物體看起來就像是憑藉自己的意志在移動。由於黏土是一種特別具有延展性的材料，它經常被用於利用定格攝影技術的電影中。第二段 The stop motion technique was first put to use in a film called The Humpty Dumpty Circus in 1898. Filmmakers used acrobat and animal toys to become pioneers in this new branch of the movie industry. In the 20th century, animators brought stop motion to the masses when the original King Kong film hit theaters in 1933. 定格動畫技術首次應用於 1898 年的一部名為《矮胖子馬戲團》的電影中。電影製作者利用特技演員和動物玩具成為電影業這一新分支的先驅。20 世紀，當原始的《金剛》電影於 1933 年上映時，動畫師將定格動畫帶給了大眾。 Decades later, Disney experimented with stop motion techniques character, Mickey Mouse, in 1978. Then, in 1993, The Nightmare Before Christmas, produced by the delightfully dark Tim Burton, became the first widely released stop motion feature film. 幾十年後，迪士尼於 1978 年對其標誌性角色米老鼠嘗試了定格動畫技術。接著，在 1993 年，由風格陰暗怪誕的提姆·波頓製作的《聖誕夜驚魂》成為第一部廣泛發行的定格動畫長片。 第三段 Today, thanks to the Internet, entertaining stop motion films are always just a click away. One of the best the Web has to offer is T-Shirt War, which was made by Rhett McLaughlin and Link Neal. In the film, the two men use alternating images on their T-Shirts to push each other’s buttons. In all, it took 222 shirts to make the short video. 今天，感謝網際網路，有趣的定格動畫電影總是只需點擊一下即可觀看。網路上最優秀的作品之一是《T恤大戰》，由 Rhett McLaughlin 和 Link Neal 製作。在影片中，兩個人利用 T 恤上交替出現的圖像來惹惱對方。製作這段短片總共耗費了 222 件襯衫。 第四段 Stop motion techniques have also infiltrated music videos, and one of the most impressive is Oren Lavie’s “Her Morning Elegance.” It consists of 3,225 still photographs of actors on a bed, which were shot by a single overhead camera. It took four weeks of meticulous planning to map out the computer animated storyboard for the video before a single frame was shot. 定格動畫技術也滲透到了音樂錄影帶中，其中最令人印象深刻的作品之一是 Oren Lavie 的《Her Morning Elegance》。它由 3,225 張演員在床上的靜態照片組成，由一台架在頭頂的攝影機拍攝。在拍攝任何畫面之前，花費了四個星期的細緻規劃來繪製影片的電腦動畫分鏡腳本。 第五段 In Taiwan, a stop motion animation video caused an online sensation. “Deadline”, a class project by Bang-yao Liu, a student at Savannah College of Art and Design, innovatively used Post-it notes. Bang-yao planned out the changing positions of over 6,000 Post-it notes for three months before beginning his four-day shoot. 在台灣，一段定格動畫影片在網路上引起轟動。薩凡納藝術設計學院學生劉邦耀的作品《Deadline》創新地使用了便利貼。邦耀在開始為期四天的拍攝之前，花了三個月時間規劃 6,000 多張便利貼的位置變化。 The moving notes tell the story of a young man dealing with a deadline as monsters, thunderstorms, and a submarine move across the wall in front of his desk. The works of Bang-yao and many other creative filmmakers show that there are no limits to this amazing method of movie making. 這些移動的便利貼講述了一個年輕人應對截止日期的故事，牆面上出現了怪獸、雷暴和潛水艇在他的桌前移動。邦耀和許多其他創意電影人的作品表明，這種神奇的電影製作方法是沒有限制的。

點擊展開：第 47-50 題（混合題）詳解與翻譯

Read the following online discussion among educators, parents, and students about the implementation of AI tools in high school classrooms. 請閱讀以下由教育工作者、家長及學生針對「高中課堂引入 AI 工具」所進行的線上討論。 (A) Dr. Chen (Educator) AI tools can certainly personalize learning, allowing students to progress at their own pace. However, we must ensure it does not undermine student initiative. If the software does all the heavy lifting—calculating formulas or summarizing texts—students may lose their fundamental ability to think through problems independently. We need to focus on how AI changes our role from traditional lecturers to mentors who facilitate critical inquiry. 陳博士（教育家） AI 工具確實可以讓學習個人化，讓學生按照自己的步調進度。然而，我們必須確保它不會削弱學生的主動性。如果軟體承擔了所有繁重的工作(heavy lifting)——如計算公式或總結文本——學生可能會失去獨立思考問題的基本能力。我們需要關注 AI 如何將我們的角色從傳統的講授者轉變為促進批判性探究的導師。 (B) Mr. Lin (Concerned Parent) I am quite skeptical about this “revolution.” Beyond the obvious risk of academic dishonesty, I worry deeply about data privacy. Furthermore, I’m afraid these tools might widen the socioeconomic gap. There will be a divide between “AI-rich” students who can afford premium, unbiased AI tutors and “AI-poor” students who rely on free versions that might provide flawed information. Without strict monitoring, it’s a recipe for inequality. 林先生（憂心忡忡的家長）我對這場「革命」持懷疑態度。除了顯而易見的學術誠信風險外，我深切擔心資料隱私。此外，我擔心這些工具可能會擴大社會經濟差距。未來會出現一種鴻溝，一邊是負擔得起優質、無偏見 AI 家教的「富 AI」學生，另一邊是依賴可能提供錯誤信息的免費版本的「窮 AI」學生。如果沒有嚴格監控，這將成為不平等的根源。 (C) Sarah (High School Junior) For me, AI is a total lifesaver! When I’m stuck on a complex calculus equation at midnight, it explains the logic step-by-step. The instant feedback loop is something a human teacher just can’t provide at 2 AM. It has significantly reduced my academic anxiety and made me more confident in subjects I used to find intimidating. It’s not about cheating; it’s about having support when you’re stuck. 莎拉（中學低年級學生）對我來說，AI 簡直是救星！當我在半夜卡在複雜的微積分方程式時，它會一步步解釋邏輯。即時的反饋循環是人類老師在凌晨 2 點無法提供的。它顯著減輕了我的學業焦慮，讓我在以前覺得畏懼的科目上更有信心。這不是為了作弊，而是為了在卡住時獲得支持。 (D) Kevin (Senior Student) I think it encourages pure laziness. Just last week, I witnessed classmates using AI to generate entire literature essays in seconds. It is completely unfair to those of us who spend hours in the library conducting actual research and drafting our own thoughts. It’s a direct threat to academic integrity and devalues the effort required to earn our degrees. If an algorithm writes the essay, the grade becomes meaningless. 凱文（中學高年級學生）我認為這鼓勵了純粹的懶惰。就在上週，我目睹同學用 AI 在幾秒鐘內生成整篇文學論文。這對於我們這些花費數小時在圖書館進行實際研究並起草自己思想的人來說完全不公平。這對學術誠信是直接威脅，並貶低了獲得學位所需的努力價值。如果是演算法在寫論文，那成績就變得毫無意義。 (E) Alex (Software Developer) Our philosophy is enhancement, not replacement. AI is designed to facilitate autonomous learning by providing immediate, constructive feedback that prompts students to think deeper. The real challenge isn’t the technology itself, but teaching students how to use it ethically. Banning it would only leave students unprepared for a future where “AI literacy” is as basic a requirement as being able to use a search engine. 艾力克斯（軟體開發人員）我們的理念是增強，而非取代。AI 旨在透過提供即時且具建設性的反饋，促使學生深入思考，從而促進自主學習。真正的挑戰不在於技術本身，而在於教會學生如何有道德地使用它。禁止它只會讓學生無法應對未來，因為在未來，「AI 素養」將像使用搜尋引擎一樣成為基本要求。 (F) Ms. Thompson (Principal) Implementation requires careful resource allocation and teacher training. Without educators who understand the limits and biases of these algorithms, AI tools are just expensive toys that might mislead our youth. We must strike a balance: using technology to handle repetitive tasks while doubling down on human-centric skills like empathy, ethics, and complex problem-solving. 湯普生女士（校長）實施需要仔細的資源分配和教師培訓。如果沒有了解這些演算法限制和偏見的教育者，AI 工具只是昂貴的玩具，可能會誤導我們的青少年。我們必須取得平衡：利用技術處理重複性任務，同時加倍重視以人為本的技能，如共情、道德和複雜的問題解決。

Proponents of AI in education argue that these tools can foster the ability to learn __47__ by providing constant support. Conversely, some educators warn that over-reliance on technology might end up __48__ students’ critical thinking and their willingness to take the lead in their own studies. 教育界的支持者認為，透過提供持續支持，這些工具能培養學生 __47__ 學習的能力。相反地，部分教育者警告，過度依賴技術最終可能會 __48__ 學生批判性思考及其在學業中採取主動的意願。 解析： 47. autonomously → 自主地 / independently → 獨立地 * 修飾動詞 learn 需使用副詞。 48. undermining → 削弱 * 空格前的 up 是介系詞，介係詞後的動詞須變化為 Ving（動名詞）。 49. From (A) to (F) in the above forum discussion, which ONES express concerns about the negative impact of AI on students’ character or study habits？（多選題，4分） (A) Dr. Chen (B) Mr. Lin (C) Sarah (D) Kevin (E) Alex (F) Ms. Thompson 在上述討論中，哪些人表達了對 AI 對學生性格或學習習慣負面影響的擔憂？ 50. Which phrase in the forum discussion refers to “difficult and demanding tasks that require significant mental effort”? （簡答題，2分）討論區中哪個片語意指「需要大量腦力的困難且艱鉅的任務」？ 解析： Dr. Chen 在發言中使用了 “heavy lifting” 這個片語來形容計算公式或總結文本等較為繁重費力的任務。

The professor ______ the student’s theory as groundless because it lacked scientific evidence. (A) confirmed (B) dismissed (C) resisted (D) vanished這位教授因為這項理論缺乏科學證據，將其視為毫無根據而______。 (A) 確認 (B) 駁回/不予理會 (C) 抵抗 (D) 消失
The antique vase is extremely ______; even a small bump during the move could cause it to shatter into many pieces. (A) intense (B) regular (C) delicate (D) moderate這件古董花瓶極其 ______；即使在搬運過程中受到小碰撞，也可能導致它碎成許多碎片。 (A) 強烈的 (B) 規律的/一般的 (C) 易碎的/精緻的 (D) 適度的
The newly built national stadium has a seating ______ of 50,000, making it the largest venue for sporting events in the city. (A) capacity (B) budget (C) reference (D) loyalty這座新建的國家體育場有 50,000 人的座位 ______，使其成為該市最大的體育賽事場館。 (A) 容量/容納人數 (B) 預算 (C) 參考 (D) 忠誠度
During their hike in the remote mountains, the travelers were surprised to ______ a rare bird that was thought to be extinct. (A) lengthen (B) overtake (C) reserve (D) encounter在偏遠山區徒步旅行期間，旅行者驚訝地 ______ 了一隻被認為已經滅絕的稀有鳥類。 (A) 延長/拉長 (B) 超越/趕上 (C) 預訂/保留 (D) 遇到/偶然碰到
The president’s face was ______ as he addressed the nation about the economic crisis, reflecting the severity of the whole situation. (A) clumsy (B) grave (C) passive (D) durable總統在向全國發表關於經濟危機的演說時，臉色十分 ______，反映了整個局勢的嚴重性。 (A) 笨拙的 (B) 嚴肅的/沉重的 (C) 被動的 (D) 耐用的
______, the new policy was met with skepticism, but as positive results appeared, more and more citizens started to support it. (A) Initially (B) Currently (C) Virtually (D) Physically_________，這項新政策遭到了質疑，但隨著正向成果的顯現，越來越多的公民開始支持它。 (A) 最初 (B) 目前 (C) 幾乎/虛擬地 (D) 身體上地/物理上地
In the scholarship selection process, the committee evaluates applicants based on their academic ______ and history of community service. (A) balance (B) tension (C) wisdom (D) merit在獎學金評選過程中，委員會根據申請人的學術 ______ 和社區服務經歷進行評估。 (A) 平衡 (B) 緊張 (C) 智慧 (D) 優點/績效/功績
The police are searching for ______ evidence, such as security footage or clear fingerprints, to identify the suspect in the robbery. (A) concrete (B) negative (C) defensive (D) experimental警方正在尋找 ______ 證據，例如監視器畫面或清晰的指紋，以確認搶劫案中嫌疑人的身份。 (A) 具體的/實質的 (B) 負面的 (C) 防禦性的 (D) 實驗性的
The athlete tried to hide his disappointment, but his face still ______ a look of sadness when he lost the match. (A) distinguished (B) registered (C) featured (D) swore這位運動員試圖掩飾他的失望，但當他輸掉比賽時，臉上仍然 ______ 出一絲悲傷。 (A) 辨別/區別 (B) 流露出 (C) 以…為特色 (D) 發誓
The journalist’s firsthand ______ of the war-torn region provided readers with a heartbreaking look at the reality of the ongoing conflict. (A) acquaintance (B) campaign (C) issue (D) account這名記者對這片飽受戰爭蹂躪地區的第一手 ______，讓讀者看到了持續衝突中令人心碎的現實真相。 (A) 相識之人 (B) 活動 (C) 議題 (D) 描述/報導/敘述

11. (A) has studied (B) had studied (C) was studying (D) studies (A) 已經讀書（現在完成式） (B) 已經讀書（過去完成式） (C) 正在讀書（過去進行式） (D) 讀書（現在簡單式） 解析： (A) 錯在動作必須有「持續到現在」才能使用，但本題從上下文可知「study」是發生於 Braille 小時候「在巴黎的盲人學校」的動作，沒有持續到現在，所以不能選現在完成式。 (B) 錯在過去完成式表達的是「兩個過去的動作中較早發生的那一個」，但從上下文可看出，並不是「先在盲人學校讀書、後發現現有書籍體積龐大且難以閱讀」，應該是「在盲人學校讀書的期間發現現有書籍體積龐大且難以閱讀」（「讀書」與「發現」兩個動作為同時發生，不是一先一後），所以不能選過去完成式。 (D) 錯在現在簡單式描述的是「現在這一刻的事實或動作」，但本題明顯是在講過去的動作，不是在講現在的動作。 12. (A) mutually (B) originally (C) relatively (D) gradually (A) 互相地 (B) 最初地/原始地 (C) 相對地 (D) 逐漸地 13. (A) figured out (B) turned down (C) passed on (D) set up (A) 弄懂/想出/理解 (B) 拒絕 (C) 傳遞/去世/放棄機會 (D) 建立/設置 14. (A) diverse (B) valued (C) innovative (D) primitive (A) 多樣的 (B) 受重視的/貴重的 (C) 創新的 (D) 原始的/落後的 15. (A) miracle (B) barrier (C) prospect (D) standard (A) 奇蹟 (B) 障礙 (C) 前景/展望 (D) 標準/規範 Many people like keeping houseplants because they make a room look pleasant. However, caring for plants is not always easy. A plant may look healthy one week and then __16__ suddenly the next, leaving new owners unsure about what went wrong. 許多人喜歡種室內盆栽，因為它們能讓房間看起來賞心悅目。然而，照顧植物並不總是那麼容易。一棵植物可能這週看起來很健康，下週就突然 __16__ ，讓新手主人不知道出了什麼問題。 Most indoor plants need conditions similar to their natural environment. Too much water can harm the roots, __17__ too little can dry the plant. Light is also important. Some plants grow well near windows, but others prefer softer light. When these needs are misunderstood, the plant fails to grow properly. 大多數室內植物需要的環境條件與其自然環境相似。水分過多會傷害根部，__17__ 水分過少則會讓植物乾枯。光照也很重要。有些植物在窗邊長得很好，但有些則偏好較柔和的光線。當這些需求被誤解時，植物就無法正常生長。 Beginners are encouraged to __18__. If leaves turn yellow, it may suggest watering problems; brown edges may mean the air is too dry. Writing down changes and adjusting care step by step can help. Over time, experience deepens your understanding of __19__ each plant needs. 建議新手要 __18__ 他們的植物。如果葉子變黃，可能暗示有澆水問題；邊緣變褐則可能代表空氣太乾燥。記錄下變化並逐步調整照顧方式會有所幫助。隨著時間推移，經驗會加深你對每種植物所需要 __19__ 之理解。 Having houseplants can be rewarding. They can make you slow down and pay attention to small details in daily life. __20__, you may find that watching a plant recover and produce new leaves can contribute to a quiet sense of achievement. 擁有室內盆栽可以是很有回報的。它們能讓你慢下來，並留意日常生活中的微小細節。__20__，你會發現看著植物康復並長出新葉，能帶來一種寧靜的成就感。

16. (A) stabilize (B) decline (C) disappear (D) remain (A) 穩定 (B) 衰退、轉差 (C) 消失 (D) 保持 17. (A) now that (B) in case (C) while (D) so (A) 既然 (B) 萬一 (C) 而、然而（表對比） (D) 所以 18. (A) watch their plants closely (B) follow a strict care routine (C) consult experienced experts (D) ignore minor leaf changes (A) 仔細觀察他們的植物 (B) 遵循嚴格的照顧程序 (C) 諮詢有經驗的專家 (D) 忽略微小的葉片變化 19. (A) that (B) how (C) which (D) what (A) 連接詞，無義 (B) 如何地 (C) 哪一個 (D) 什麼、所…的事物 20. (A) From online research (B) Under ideal weather (C) With patience (D) For personal reasons (A) 透過網路搜尋 (B) 在理想的天氣下 (C) 憑著耐心 (D) 出於個人原因 解析： 「植物康復並長出新葉」通常需要經過一定的時間，因此「耐心」是最符合邏輯的答案，其餘選項在前後文來說皆沒有足夠的證據支持。 For centuries, lighthouses have guided sailors safely along rocky coastlines and into busy harbors. Before the invention of modern navigation systems, these tall towers were often the only __21__ ships had against hidden dangers at sea. Built on remote islands, cliffs, or harbor entrances, lighthouses __22__ not only as warning signals but also as powerful symbols of hope for those traveling far from home. 幾個世紀以來，燈塔一直引導著水手安全地繞過多岩石的海岸線，並進入繁忙的港口。在現代導航系統發明之前，這些高塔往往是船隻面對海上潛伏危險時唯一的 __21__。燈塔建造在偏遠的島嶼、懸崖或港口入口處，它們 __22__ 不僅僅是警告信號，對於那些遠離家鄉的人來說，也是強大希望的象徵。 Early lighthouses relied on __23__ flames produced by wood or oil to create light. Later, reflectors and lenses were developed to make the beams brighter and more focused, allowing ships to see them from greater __24__. With the arrival of electricity in the nineteenth century, lighthouse illumination became more reliable, and __25__ machines gradually reduced the need for keepers to watch over the lights day and night. 早期的燈塔依靠木頭或油產生的 __23__ 火來發光。後來，人們研發出了反射鏡和透鏡，使光束更明亮、更集中，讓船隻能從更遠的 __24__ 看見它們。隨著十九世紀電力的到來，燈塔的照明變得更加可靠，且 __25__ 機器逐漸減少了對守燈人日夜看守燈火的需求。 Despite technological progress, the life of a lighthouse keeper has long captured the public imagination. Many keepers lived in isolation with only their families, facing strong winds, violent storms, and __26__ communication with the outside world. Their work required discipline and dedication, as a single failure could result in tragic shipwrecks. Stories about their bravery have __27__ novels, paintings, and films. 儘管科技不斷進步，守燈人的生活長期以來一直吸引著大眾的想像。許多守燈人與家人過著與世隔絕的生活，面對強風、狂暴的風雨以及與外界 __26__ 溝通。他們的工作需要紀律與奉獻，因為一次失誤就可能導致慘重的船難。關於他們勇氣的故事 __27__ 了許多小說、繪畫和電影。 Today, satellites and GPS have __28__ lighthouses as the primary tools for navigation. Nevertheless, many lighthouses around the world have been preserved as historical __29__. Some have become small museums, while others serve as scenic viewpoints for visitors. Although they no longer play the central role they once __30__, lighthouses continue to remind people of the human effort to make travel safer and to connect distant places across the sea. 如今，衛星和 GPS 已經 __28__ 燈塔，成為主要的導航工具。儘管如此，世界各地的許多燈塔仍被保留為歷史 __29__。有些變成了小型博物館，有些則成為遊客的觀景景點。雖然燈塔不再扮演它們過去曾經 __30__ 的核心角色，但它們仍持續提醒著人們，為了讓航行更安全以及連結遙遠海域所付出的努力。 (A) inspired (B) did (C) protection (D) landmarks (E) open (F) limited (G) distances (H) replaced (I) served (J) automated (A) 啟發了 (B) 扮演 * 代替 played the central role，避免重複 (C) protection 防禦 (D) landmarks 地標 (E) open 敞開的、無遮蔽的 * open flames → 明火，指任何暴露在空氣中、容易引起火災的火苗 (F) limited 有限的 (G) 距離 (H) 取代了 (I) 充當 (J) 自動化的 In many big cities, community gardens have become increasingly popular. These shared spaces allow residents to grow vegetables, herbs, and flowers in areas that were once empty lots or unused corners of public parks. People of different ages and backgrounds work side by side, learning from one another and sharing tools. __31__ As friendships grow, people often say the garden feels like an outdoor living room. Community gardens therefore serve not only as green spaces but also as social centers where neighbors can get to know one another. 在許多大城市中，社區花園變得越來越受歡迎。這些共享空間讓居民能在曾經是荒廢空地或公共公園閒置角落的地方，種植蔬菜、草藥和花卉。不同年齡與背景的人們並肩工作，互相學習並分享工具。__31__ 隨著友誼增長，人們常說這座花園感覺就像是一個戶外客廳。因此，社區花園不僅作為綠地，也成為鄰居們可以互相認識的社交中心。 Starting a community garden usually begins with a small group of volunteers. They first must obtain permission from local authorities and make sure the land is safe for planting. Once the space is approved, the group cleans up trash, prepares the soil, and builds simple paths so that people can move easily between planting beds. __32__ These guidelines help prevent conflicts and ensure that everyone has equal access to shared tools and water. 建立社區花園通常始於一小群志工。他們首先必須獲得地方當局的許可，並確保土地適合種植。空間獲得批准後，小組會清理垃圾、準備土壤，並建造簡單的小徑，以便人們在植床之間輕鬆移動。__32__ 這些準則有助於防止衝突，並確保每個人都能平等地使用共享工具和水源。 __33__ Many city residents spend most of their time indoors, surrounded by traffic and noise. Working with soil and plants gives them a rare chance to slow down and reconnect with nature. Studies have shown that spending time in green spaces can lower stress levels and improve concentration. Children who join gardening programs also gain hands-on experience with science and environmental protection. In fact, researchers note that such involvement can strengthen a sense of belonging to the community. __33__ 許多城市居民大部分時間都待在室內，被交通和噪音包圍。與土壤和植物接觸給了他們一個放慢腳步、重新與大自然連結的難得機會。研究顯示，花在綠地中的時間可以降低壓力水平並提高專注力。參加園藝計畫的兒童也能獲得科學和環境保護的實作經驗。事實上，研究人員指出，這種參與感能強化對社區的歸屬感。 Despite their advantages, community gardens also face challenges. Some projects struggle because of limited funding or a lack of long-term support. __34__ Garden organizers therefore try to build strong relationships with schools, senior centers, and local councils to secure the future of these spaces. In some cases, harvest festivals and open-house days are held to invite more neighbors to visit. When residents see clear benefits, they are more willing to participate and to speak up for the continuation of the garden. 儘管有其優點，社區花園也面臨挑戰。有些項目因為資金有限或缺乏長期支持而苦撐。__34__ 因此，花園組織者嘗試與學校、長青中心和地方議會建立強大的關係，以確保這些空間的未來。在某些情況下，會舉辦收穫節和開放參觀日，邀請更多鄰居來訪。當居民看到明顯的好處時，他們會更願意參與，並為花園的持續運作發聲。

選項 (Options)

解析

31. 前文提到人們在園圃中一起工作、分享工具；選項 (C) “The harvest is often divided…” （收成通常會分配給參與者）延續了「分享」的概念，從分享工具過渡到分享成果，邏輯最為連貫。 32. 此空格後方緊接 “These guidelines…” （這些準則…）。選項 (A) 提到的 “create simple rules” （制定簡單規則）正好對應後文的 “guidelines”，兩者語意銜接完全吻合。 33. 這一段落開始討論園圃對城市居民心理健康（紓解壓力）和兒童教育的好處。選項 (B) “The benefits… go beyond food production” （好處不僅限於食物生產）正好作為本段的「主題句」，引出後續關於心理與社交層面的正面影響。 34. 本段轉向討論社區園圃面臨的「挑戰 (challenges)」。前文提到經費與支持不足，選項 (D) 提到「園圃可能因開發需求被拆除 (removed to make room for new buildings)」是另一個具體的困境，符合本段的負面轉折基調。 第一段 Every time you pick up a pencil, you are holding a piece of history that dates back to 1564. That year, a massive storm in Borrowdale, England, uprooted a large tree, revealing a huge deposit of strange, black mineral underneath. Initially, locals mistook it for coal, but soon discovered it was much better for marking their sheep because it left a distinct, lasting mark. This substance—later named graphite—was so pure and solid that it could be easily sawn into sticks. 每當你拿起鉛筆，握在你手上的是一段可追溯到1564年的歷史。那一年，英國博羅代爾的一場巨大風暴連根拔起了一棵大樹，露出底下大量奇特的黑色礦物沉澱。起初，當地人誤以為那是煤，但很快就發現它更適合用來標記羊群，因為它會留下清晰且持久的記號。這種物質——後來命名為石墨——非常純淨且堅硬，可以輕易地鋸成條狀。 Because graphite is naturally brittle, it required a holder for practical use. Early versions involved wrapping thin graphite sticks in string to provide stability; later, artisans began encasing them in hollowed-out wooden sticks, giving birth to the modern pencil’s iconic form. 由於石墨天性脆弱易碎，實際使用時需要某個握持器。早期版本是用繩子纏繞細石墨棒以提供穩定性；後來，工匠開始將它們鑲嵌在挖空的木棒中，從而催生出現代鉛筆標誌性的形態。 第二段 The graphite from Borrowdale was of such high quality that it became a strategic asset, often referred to as “black gold.” During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the mines were protected by the crown, and stealing graphite was a crime punishable by death. 來自博羅代爾的石墨品質極高，以至於它成為某種戰略資產，常被稱為「黑金」。在伊莉莎白一世女王統治期間，礦場受到王室保護，盜竊石墨是可處以死刑的罪行。 Because this precious resource was finite, the British government eventually banned the export of raw graphite to maintain a monopoly on pencil production. However, a real breakthrough occurred during the Napoleonic Wars when British graphite became scarce in France due to a strict naval blockade. 由於這種珍貴資源是有限的，英國政府最終禁止出口原始石墨，以維持對鉛筆生產的壟斷。然而，真正的突破發生在拿破崙戰爭期間，由於嚴格的海上封鎖，導致英國石墨在法國變得很稀缺。 第三段 In 1795, a French scientist named Nicolas-Jacques Conté was commissioned to find a substitute. He developed a revolutionary process to mix powdered graphite of lower quality with clay and fire the mixture in a kiln. By adjusting the specific ratio of clay to graphite, he could control the physical properties of the “lead.” A higher concentration of graphite resulted in a softer, darker mark, while more clay created a harder, lighter stroke. 1795 年，名叫尼古拉斯-雅克·孔特的法國科學家受命尋找替代品。他開發了一種革命性的製程，將磨成粉、品質較低的石墨與黏土混合，然後將此混合物在窯中燒製。通過調整黏土與石墨的比例，他可以控制「筆芯」的物理性質。石墨濃度越高，劃出的記號就越柔、顏色越深；而黏土越多，筆觸就更硬、顏色更淺。 This method also led to the modern grading system, using “H” for hardness and “B” for blackness. This “Conté process” remains the global standard for manufacturing today. Interestingly, despite the name, there has never been any actual lead in pencils—a historical misconception stemming from graphite’s metallic appearance, which resembled lead to early observers who lacked chemical knowledge. 這種方法也催生了現代（筆芯）分級系統，用H代表硬度(hardness)，B代表黑度(blackness)。這種「孔特製程」至今仍是全球製造標準。有趣的是，儘管名稱如此，鉛筆中從未含有真正的鉛——這是一個源自石墨金屬似的外觀歷史誤解，對於缺乏化學知識的早期觀察者來說，石墨看起來就像鉛。

35. According to the “Conté process” described in the third paragraph, which of the following diagrams correctly represents the core of a “harder and lighter” pencil? 根據第三段描述的「孔特製程」，下列哪一個圖示正確代表了「較硬且較淡」鉛筆的筆芯？ 解析： 文章第三段提到，較多的黏土會產生較硬且較淡的筆觸，因此圖示中黏土(clay)佔比高者為正確答案。 36. What does the author mean by the “real breakthrough” in the second paragraph? (A) The accidental discovery of a massive graphite mine. (B) The invention of wooden cases to protect the brittle core. (C) The first time graphite was used to mark livestock. (D) The innovative method of mixing graphite with clay. 作者在第二段所說的「真正的突破」是指什麼？ (A) 意外發現大型石墨礦場。 (B) 發明木盒以保護脆弱的筆芯。 (C) 石墨首次被用於標記牲畜。 (D) 將石墨與黏土混合的創新方法。 解析： 這裡的「突破」指的是孔特發展出的製程，即將粉末狀石墨與黏土混合，這在英國石墨稀缺時成為了救星。 37. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the history of pencils? (A) Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string before being encased in wood. (B) The British crown once considered stealing graphite a crime punishable by death. (C) French scientists discovered the Borrowdale graphite mine during the Napoleonic Wars. (D) The term “pencil lead” originated from a chemical misunderstanding of graphite’s appearance. 根據本文，關於鉛筆歷史的下列敘述何者「錯誤」？ (A) 石墨棒在放入木頭前最初是用繩子纏繞的。 (B) 英國王室曾將偷竊石墨視為可判處死刑的罪行。 (C) 法國科學家在拿破崙戰爭期間發現了博羅代爾石墨礦場。 (D)「鉛筆芯」一詞源於對石墨外觀的化學誤解。 解析： 博羅代爾礦場是 1564 年在英國被當地人意外發現的，並非由法國科學家在戰爭期間發現。 38. In which field was graphite first utilized according to the passage? (A) Military communication. (B) Industrial manufacturing. (C) Agricultural marking. (D) Artistic sketching. 根據本文，石墨「最初」應用於哪個領域？ (A) 軍事通訊。 (B) 工業製造。 (C) 農業標記。 (D) 藝術素描。 解析： 文章提到當地人最初發現它很適合用來標記羊群(marking their sheep)，這屬於農業標記範疇。 第一段 The student market in the UK is estimated to be worth £13 billion of spending power in a year. It is a market no company should ignore. Marketers are desperate to get students’ attention before they turn into high-earning graduates. But students are hard to reach and cynical. How can brands target them? 英國的學生市場估計每年有價值130億英鎊的購買力，這是任何公司都不能忽視的市場。行銷人員非常想要在學生成為高收入畢業生之前得到學生的注意，但但學生難以觸及且對一切懷疑。品牌如何鎖定他們為目標呢？ 第二段 Youth market trends analyst Sean Pillot de Chenecey advises companies who hope to market to students. He says there is no single strategy. Students organize their life on their mobile phones, respect brands that are ethical, but worry more about how they are going to pay off their debt than world peace. 青年市場趨勢分析師肖恩・皮洛・德・尚奇給希望面向學生市場的公司建議。他表示，並無單一的策略。學生在手機上組織他們的生活，尊重那些有道德良知的品牌，但更擔心的是如何還清他們的債務而非世界和平。 To get students’ attention, marketers must offer them something that adds to their lives. It isn’t enough to simply sponsor a music tour: they have to make the event happen. 為了引起學生的注意，行銷人員必須提供能加到他們的生活中（有實質）的東西。單純贊助音樂巡演並不足夠：他們必須讓活動發生。 第三段 Offering students help with their education and careers is an effective marketing method. The Guardian newspaper runs careers fairs and offers discounts on its products, such as Guardian Student, a 32-page newspaper. 為學生提供教育和職業方面的幫助是一種有效的行銷方法。《衛報》舉辦職業博覽會，並提供產品折扣，例如《衛報學生報》，這是一份32頁的報紙。 第四段 Red Bull, a successful energy drinks brand, uses what it calls “energy teams” on university campuses. The company recruits teams of students and gives them a Red Bull car, which has a fridge. The students offer samples and give information about the product benefits. They do this on campus at sporting events and at times of the year when students might need an energy boost. 紅牛，一個成功的能量飲料品牌，在大學校園用上所謂的「能量小組」。該公司招募一支學生團隊，並給他們一輛附冰箱的紅牛汽車。學生們在校園內提供產品樣品，並給予產品益處的資訊，他們在校園會於運動賽事和一年當中學生可能需要能量提振的時候進行此類活動。 “It’s extremely important that it is a student doing this and not a company sales rep,” says the company’s consumer manager who runs the scheme. “You need to have an approach that doesn’t look like a sales pitch.” 「重要的是要由學生來做而不是由公司的業務代表來做」，該公司運營這項計劃的消費者經理說。「你需要一種不像是銷售宣傳話術的方法」。 第五段 Having an insider on campus can help marketers understand student life. Youth marketing agency, Virgin D3, has a database of students who act as “field staff”. They ask them for help when planning an event at their university. Perhaps, by getting ideas from the students themselves, companies can find ways to reach this difficult market. 擁有校園內部人士可以幫助行銷人員了解學生生活。青年行銷機構Virgin D3擁有一個由學生擔任「現場人員」的資料庫。他們在籌劃大學活動時會向這些人員尋求幫助。或許，藉由從學生身上取得想法，許多公司可以找到方法來觸及這個不易進入的市場。

39. What is the passage mainly about? (A) Marketing to student consumers (B) Helping student consumers with their education (C) Offering discounts to student consumers (D) Training student consumers to be field staff 這篇文章的主旨是什麼？ (A) 針對學生消費者的行銷。 (B) 幫助學生消費者完成學業。 (C) 向學生消費者提供折扣。 (D) 培訓學生消費者成為現場人員。 解析： 全文討論了英國學生市場的價值，以及品牌如何透過各種策略（如贊助、校園大使等）來對學生族群行銷。(B)文中完全未提及。(C)(D)為文中細節，並非全文主旨。 40. According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic of students? (A) Establishing their social lives on mobile phones. (B) Valuing brands that are ethical. (C) Concerning their student loans. (D) Prioritizing world peace. 根據本文，下列何者「不是」學生的特徵？ (A) 在手機上建立社交生活。 (B) 重視具有道德感的品牌。 (C) 擔心他們的學生貸款。 (D) 將世界和平視為優先事項。 解析： 第二段指出學生「比起世界和平，更擔心自己該如何償還債務」，因此世界和平並非他們的優先考量項目。 41. Here is a sentence: “For example, Carling (a beer manufacturer) introduced live music at train stations.” Which paragraph is most suitable to have it as the final sentence? (A) Paragraph 1. (B) Paragraph 2. (C) Paragraph 4. (D) Paragraph 5. 這裡有句話：「例如，卡林（一家啤酒製造商）在火車站引入了現場音樂。」這句話最適合放在哪一段的結尾？ (A) 第一段 (B) 第二段 (C) 第四段 (D) 第五段 解析： 第二段提到「僅僅贊助巡演是不夠的，品牌必須讓活動真正發生」，卡林在車站辦音樂活動正好是「讓活動發生」的具體例證。 42. According to the passage, what do “energy teams” and “field staff” have in common? (A) Both are companies with social responsibility. (B) Both are sponsors. (C) Both are marketing strategies. (D) Both are high-earning graduates. 根據本文，「能量團隊」和「現場人員」有什麼共同點？ (A) 兩者都是具有社會責任的公司。 (B) 兩者都是贊助商。 (C) 兩者都是行銷策略。 (D) 兩者都是高收入畢業生。 解析： 文章中提到紅牛招募能量團隊，以及Virgin D3 使用現場人員，都作為企業打入學生市場的具體行銷策略例子。 第一段 Stop motion involves physically manipulating objects, making them appear to move on their own. The objects are moved in tediously small increments, and each tiny change in their position is photographed. When the series of pictures is played in a continuous sequence, the objects appear to move of their own free will. Because clay is a material that is particularly malleable, it is often used in films that utilize stop motion photography. 定格動畫涉及物理性地操控物體，使它們看起來像是自己在移動。物體以極小的增量移動，而位置的每一個微小變化都會被拍攝下來。當這一系列圖片按連續順序播放時，物體看起來就像是憑藉自己的意志在移動。由於黏土是一種特別具有延展性的材料，它經常被用於利用定格攝影技術的電影中。第二段 The stop motion technique was first put to use in a film called The Humpty Dumpty Circus in 1898. Filmmakers used acrobat and animal toys to become pioneers in this new branch of the movie industry. In the 20th century, animators brought stop motion to the masses when the original King Kong film hit theaters in 1933. 定格動畫技術首次應用於 1898 年的一部名為《矮胖子馬戲團》的電影中。電影製作者利用特技演員和動物玩具成為電影業這一新分支的先驅。20 世紀，當原始的《金剛》電影於 1933 年上映時，動畫師將定格動畫帶給了大眾。 Decades later, Disney experimented with stop motion techniques character, Mickey Mouse, in 1978. Then, in 1993, The Nightmare Before Christmas, produced by the delightfully dark Tim Burton, became the first widely released stop motion feature film. 幾十年後，迪士尼於 1978 年對其標誌性角色米老鼠嘗試了定格動畫技術。接著，在 1993 年，由風格陰暗怪誕的提姆·波頓製作的《聖誕夜驚魂》成為第一部廣泛發行的定格動畫長片。 第三段 Today, thanks to the Internet, entertaining stop motion films are always just a click away. One of the best the Web has to offer is T-Shirt War, which was made by Rhett McLaughlin and Link Neal. In the film, the two men use alternating images on their T-Shirts to push each other’s buttons. In all, it took 222 shirts to make the short video. 今天，感謝網際網路，有趣的定格動畫電影總是只需點擊一下即可觀看。網路上最優秀的作品之一是《T恤大戰》，由 Rhett McLaughlin 和 Link Neal 製作。在影片中，兩個人利用 T 恤上交替出現的圖像來惹惱對方。製作這段短片總共耗費了 222 件襯衫。 第四段 Stop motion techniques have also infiltrated music videos, and one of the most impressive is Oren Lavie’s “Her Morning Elegance.” It consists of 3,225 still photographs of actors on a bed, which were shot by a single overhead camera. It took four weeks of meticulous planning to map out the computer animated storyboard for the video before a single frame was shot. 定格動畫技術也滲透到了音樂錄影帶中，其中最令人印象深刻的作品之一是 Oren Lavie 的《Her Morning Elegance》。它由 3,225 張演員在床上的靜態照片組成，由一台架在頭頂的攝影機拍攝。在拍攝任何畫面之前，花費了四個星期的細緻規劃來繪製影片的電腦動畫分鏡腳本。 第五段 In Taiwan, a stop motion animation video caused an online sensation. “Deadline”, a class project by Bang-yao Liu, a student at Savannah College of Art and Design, innovatively used Post-it notes. Bang-yao planned out the changing positions of over 6,000 Post-it notes for three months before beginning his four-day shoot. 在台灣，一段定格動畫影片在網路上引起轟動。薩凡納藝術設計學院學生劉邦耀的作品《Deadline》創新地使用了便利貼。邦耀在開始為期四天的拍攝之前，花了三個月時間規劃 6,000 多張便利貼的位置變化。 The moving notes tell the story of a young man dealing with a deadline as monsters, thunderstorms, and a submarine move across the wall in front of his desk. The works of Bang-yao and many other creative filmmakers show that there are no limits to this amazing method of movie making. 這些移動的便利貼講述了一個年輕人應對截止日期的故事，牆面上出現了怪獸、雷暴和潛水艇在他的桌前移動。邦耀和許多其他創意電影人的作品表明，這種神奇的電影製作方法是沒有限制的。

43. Which of the following is an example of stop motion animation? (A) Drawing a cartoon and then publishing it in a magazine. (B) Taking several pictures of an object while it is in motion. (C) Quickly turning the pages of a book and looking at the words. (D) Filming an image, moving it slightly, and then filming it again. 下列何者是定格動畫的例子？ (A) 畫一則漫畫然後發表在雜誌上。 (B) 在物體運動時拍攝幾張照片。 (C) 快速翻頁並看著書中的文字。 (D) 拍攝一個圖像，稍微移動它，然後再次拍攝。 解析： 定格動畫的核心定義就是「物理性地操控物體移動極小的增量並逐幀拍攝」，選項 (D) 符合此特徵。 44. When was stop motion animation first introduced to the market? (A) When King Kong was released in 1933. (B) When Disney began to use it during the 1970s. (C) When The Humpty Dumpty Circus was created in 1898. (D) When Tim Burton made The Nightmare Before Christmas. 定格動畫最初是什麼時候被引入市場的？ (A) 當《金剛》於1933年發行時。 (B) 當迪士尼在1970年代開始使用它時。 (C) 當《矮胖子馬戲團》於1898年製作時。 (D) 當提姆·波頓製作《聖誕夜驚魂》時。 解析： 第二段明確指出定格動畫技術首次應用於1898年的電影《矮胖子馬戲團》。 45. The phrase “to map out” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) Monitor. (B) Devise. (C) Evaluate. (D) Interpret. 第四段中的片語 “to map out” 與下列哪個詞意義最接近？ (A) 監控。 (B) 設計/規劃。 (C) 評估。 (D) 詮釋。 解析： 文章描述在拍片前先畫分鏡腳本，map out 在此意指細緻地規劃或設計流程，與 devise意義相近。 46. What is the best title for this passage? (A) The End of Animation in Movies. (B) Ways to Bring Motion to Life in Films. (C) A Brand New Technology on YouTube. (D) The Unstoppable Art of Stop Motion Animation. 這篇文章最適合的標題是什麼？ (A) 電影動畫的終結。 (B) 在電影中讓動作變得栩栩如生的方法。 (C) YouTube 上的一種全新技術。 (D) 勢不可擋的定格動畫藝術。 解析： 全文回顧了定格動畫的原理、發展歷史及現代多元應用，結尾也提到這種藝術方法是無限的，故 (D) 最貼切。 Read the following online discussion among educators, parents, and students about the implementation of AI tools in high school classrooms. 請閱讀以下由教育工作者、家長及學生針對「高中課堂引入 AI 工具」所進行的線上討論。 (A) Dr. Chen (Educator) AI tools can certainly personalize learning, allowing students to progress at their own pace. However, we must ensure it does not undermine student initiative. If the software does all the heavy lifting—calculating formulas or summarizing texts—students may lose their fundamental ability to think through problems independently. We need to focus on how AI changes our role from traditional lecturers to mentors who facilitate critical inquiry. 陳博士（教育家） AI 工具確實可以讓學習個人化，讓學生按照自己的步調進度。然而，我們必須確保它不會削弱學生的主動性。如果軟體承擔了所有繁重的工作(heavy lifting)——如計算公式或總結文本——學生可能會失去獨立思考問題的基本能力。我們需要關注 AI 如何將我們的角色從傳統的講授者轉變為促進批判性探究的導師。 (B) Mr. Lin (Concerned Parent) I am quite skeptical about this “revolution.” Beyond the obvious risk of academic dishonesty, I worry deeply about data privacy. Furthermore, I’m afraid these tools might widen the socioeconomic gap. There will be a divide between “AI-rich” students who can afford premium, unbiased AI tutors and “AI-poor” students who rely on free versions that might provide flawed information. Without strict monitoring, it’s a recipe for inequality. 林先生（憂心忡忡的家長）我對這場「革命」持懷疑態度。除了顯而易見的學術誠信風險外，我深切擔心資料隱私。此外，我擔心這些工具可能會擴大社會經濟差距。未來會出現一種鴻溝，一邊是負擔得起優質、無偏見 AI 家教的「富 AI」學生，另一邊是依賴可能提供錯誤信息的免費版本的「窮 AI」學生。如果沒有嚴格監控，這將成為不平等的根源。 (C) Sarah (High School Junior) For me, AI is a total lifesaver! When I’m stuck on a complex calculus equation at midnight, it explains the logic step-by-step. The instant feedback loop is something a human teacher just can’t provide at 2 AM. It has significantly reduced my academic anxiety and made me more confident in subjects I used to find intimidating. It’s not about cheating; it’s about having support when you’re stuck. 莎拉（中學低年級學生）對我來說，AI 簡直是救星！當我在半夜卡在複雜的微積分方程式時，它會一步步解釋邏輯。即時的反饋循環是人類老師在凌晨 2 點無法提供的。它顯著減輕了我的學業焦慮，讓我在以前覺得畏懼的科目上更有信心。這不是為了作弊，而是為了在卡住時獲得支持。 (D) Kevin (Senior Student) I think it encourages pure laziness. Just last week, I witnessed classmates using AI to generate entire literature essays in seconds. It is completely unfair to those of us who spend hours in the library conducting actual research and drafting our own thoughts. It’s a direct threat to academic integrity and devalues the effort required to earn our degrees. If an algorithm writes the essay, the grade becomes meaningless. 凱文（中學高年級學生）我認為這鼓勵了純粹的懶惰。就在上週，我目睹同學用 AI 在幾秒鐘內生成整篇文學論文。這對於我們這些花費數小時在圖書館進行實際研究並起草自己思想的人來說完全不公平。這對學術誠信是直接威脅，並貶低了獲得學位所需的努力價值。如果是演算法在寫論文，那成績就變得毫無意義。 (E) Alex (Software Developer) Our philosophy is enhancement, not replacement. AI is designed to facilitate autonomous learning by providing immediate, constructive feedback that prompts students to think deeper. The real challenge isn’t the technology itself, but teaching students how to use it ethically. Banning it would only leave students unprepared for a future where “AI literacy” is as basic a requirement as being able to use a search engine. 艾力克斯（軟體開發人員）我們的理念是增強，而非取代。AI 旨在透過提供即時且具建設性的反饋，促使學生深入思考，從而促進自主學習。真正的挑戰不在於技術本身，而在於教會學生如何有道德地使用它。禁止它只會讓學生無法應對未來，因為在未來，「AI 素養」將像使用搜尋引擎一樣成為基本要求。 (F) Ms. Thompson (Principal) Implementation requires careful resource allocation and teacher training. Without educators who understand the limits and biases of these algorithms, AI tools are just expensive toys that might mislead our youth. We must strike a balance: using technology to handle repetitive tasks while doubling down on human-centric skills like empathy, ethics, and complex problem-solving. 湯普生女士（校長）實施需要仔細的資源分配和教師培訓。如果沒有了解這些演算法限制和偏見的教育者，AI 工具只是昂貴的玩具，可能會誤導我們的青少年。我們必須取得平衡：利用技術處理重複性任務，同時加倍重視以人為本的技能，如共情、道德和複雜的問題解決。

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